US Dollar Index weakens to near 99.50 on US‑Iran peace deal optimism ahead of Fed rate decision
- US Dollar Index softens to around 99.50 in Wednesday’s Asian session.
- A US-Iran peace deal will be signed at Switzerland’s mountainside Burgenstock resort on Friday.
- Fed is expected to leave its benchmark interest rate unchanged at a target range of 3.50% to 3.75% at the June meeting.
The US Dollar Index (DXY), an index of the value of the US Dollar (USD) measured against a basket of six world currencies, currently trades near 99.50 during the Asian trading hours on Wednesday. The DXY extends the decline amid optimism surrounding a potential US-Iran peace deal. The US Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate decision will take center stage later on Wednesday.
US Vice President JD Vance said on Tuesday that US President Donald Trump may decide to release a preliminary deal to end the war with Iran before Friday, after the US president said the agreement had already been signed. Trump stated that the Strait of Hormuz will be open by Friday and that the full text of the peace deal will be released in a “formal setting.”
The Swiss foreign ministry confirmed that a US-Iran deal aimed at ending the Middle East war will be signed at Switzerland’s mountainside Burgenstock resort on Friday. Hopes of a peace agreement between the US and Iran could undermine a safe-haven currency such as the US Dollar against its rivals.
The Fed is due to announce its next policy decision on Wednesday. Economists expect the US central bank to keep its benchmark rate in a range of 3.50% to 3.75% as it waits to see how the war’s energy-price shock ripples through the economy.
The focus will be on new Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh and the handling of the press conference that follows the interest rate decision. Any hawkish comments from Fed officials could lift the DXY in the near term.
Markets are now pricing in nearly a 64% chance of a US central bank interest rate hike in December this year after the peace deal, down from 69% last week, according to the CME FedWatch tool.
US Dollar FAQs
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.